The school, which employs more than 264 staff and hopes to create at least another 300 over the next seven years, will lead a new international consortium fast-tracking developments of improved insecticides and other mosquito-control methods.
The Gates foundation grant will be used to fund research in the new centre to develop safer and longer lasting insecticides.
The consortium will also develop improved bed nets and other treated materials, and information tools to help authorities in the developing world make better decisions about using insecticides.
Prof Hemingway added: "Mosquitoes are developing resistance to insecticides.
"We need new ones that are up to the task and safe for humans and the environment."
Dr Regina Rabinovich, from the Gates Foundation, said: "We are very excited about the work of the Liverpool school and its partners to improve the mosquito control method.
"This consortium grant will bridge the gap between successful developments of agricultural pesticides and much needed insecticides for public health use in Africa."
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation previously donated £1.2m to the school to establish its Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre.